Emperor Napoleon III of France was so impressed with Caselli’s work that he authorized the use of this machine on French telegraph lines. By 1868, the pantelegraph was already transmitting up to 110 communications per hour (1.88 per minute), but it was still seen as a novelty rather than a necessity. When Prussian troops invaded France in 1870, the service was discontinued and never restored. 100 years later, the fax became indispensable, since each fax took 30 seconds to send.