“INVENTION OF WRITING
WRITTEN LANGUAGES”
The first pictographic signs with defined semantics were recorded in Egypt and Mesopotamia, and they gradually evolved and simplified in their graphic expression. Their representation as phonemes also structured them into words. Egyptian hieroglyphs became particularly important as they were universal in character and some of their symbols gave rise to the languages of neighboring populations through conquests and travels, expanding to what is now Europe.
Writing proved to be effective in communication, from its handwritten representation to the use of printing. The translation of written texts also played a fundamental role.”